Tushar Tambuskar, Soina Kaur Chhabda, Doyel Bhattacharya and Shubhajit Halder
Published in Vol.15, 2025
KEYWORDS: Heavy metals; adsorbents; lignin; biocompatible; chemical modifications; wastewater treatment
ABSTRACT:
Heavy metals in water can pose serious health risks to humans and wildlife. They can accumulate in the body over time, leading to various health problems, including kidney damage, neurological disorders, and cancer. They can also disrupt ecosystems, affecting wildlife and plant life. Novel research and economically viable adsorbents made from biomass have received a lot of attention in recent years. One possible adsorbent for removing heavy metal ions from water is lignin, a naturally occurring amorphous cross-linked resin that can be extensively used for the non-invasive synthesis of bio-renewable matrixes. Unique polyphenol moieties in lignin enhance the effective polyfunctionality of the adsorbents. Most importantly, lignin can produce adsorbents with a major favorable environmental impact because it is stable, plentiful, and biocompatible with plant life. Lignin’s ability to bind substances is enhanced by the presence of various functional groups, including aldehyde, hydroxyl, carboxyl, benzyl alcohol, methoxyl, and phenolic groups. The chemical modification of the adsorption competence of the lignin derivatives, leading to the enhancement of sorption properties with respect to the commercial resins, is also narrated. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature regarding the enhanced adsorption properties of fabricated lignin derivatives that are used as heavy metal ion adsorbents in sustainable wastewater treatment.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.64833/hislopia.j.vol.15.issue1.17-49