Lina A. Swu and R. J. Andrew
Published in Vol.16, 2026
KEYWORDS: Electroreception; Caterpillars; Sensory ecology; Predator–prey interactions; Electrostatics; Electromagnetic pollution.
ABSTRACT:
Predator–prey interactions are fundamental drivers of evolutionary adaptation, shaping morphological, behavioural, and sensory traits across taxa. Among these adaptations, electroreception—the ability to detect electric fields—has traditionally been associated with aquatic organisms such as sharks and electric fish. However, recent findings have challenged this assumption, indicating that terrestrial organisms may also utilise electric fields for survival. A landmark study by England and Roberts (2024) demonstrated that caterpillars possess electroreceptive capabilities mediated through specialised sensory hairs known as setae. These structures enable caterpillars to detect electrostatic fields generated by predatory insects, particularly wasps, thereby facilitating timely defensive responses. This review synthesises current knowledge on electroreception in terrestrial invertebrates, and the complexity of insect sensory biology and highlight the need for further research.